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hehehe....
me growing up now.....
~HAPPY BIRTHDAY TO ME!!!
(^_^)
<-----this present i give to myself....sound weird huh???
31st January
j A j A
Chapter 2-Software Development Life Cycle Models
The General Model
Software life cycle models describe phases of the software cycle and the order in which those phases are executed. There are tons of models, and many companies adopt their own, but all have very similar patterns. The general, basic model is shown below:
General Life Cycle Model
Disadvantages
>>Adjusting scope during the life cycle can kill a project
>>No working software is produced until late during the life cycle.
>>High amounts of risk and uncertainty.
>>Poor model for complex and object-oriented projects.
>>Poor model for long and ongoing projects.
>>Poor model where requirements are at a moderate to high risk of changing.
V-Shaped Model
Just like the waterfall model, the V-Shaped life cycle is a sequential path of execution of processes. Each phase must be completed before the next phase begins. Testing is emphasized in this model more so than the waterfall model though. The testing procedures are developed early in the life cycle before any coding is done, during each of the phases preceding implementation.
Requirements begin the life cycle model just like the waterfall model. Before development is started, a system test plan is created. The test plan focuses on meeting the functionality specified in the requirements gathering.
The high-level design phase focuses on system architecture and design. An integration test plan is created in this phase as well in order to test the pieces of the software systems ability to work together.
The low-level design phase is where the actual software components are designed, and unit tests are created in this phase as well.
The implementation phase is, again, where all coding takes place. Once coding is complete, the path of execution continues up the right side of the V where the test plans developed earlier are now put to use.
V-Shaped Life Cycle Model
Disadvantages
>>Very rigid, like the waterfall model.
>>Little flexibility and adjusting scope is difficult and expensive.
>>Software is developed during the implementation phase, so no early prototypes of the software are produced.
>>Model doesn’t provide a clear path for problems found during testing phases.
Incremental Model
The incremental model is an intuitive approach to the waterfall model. Multiple development cycles take place here, making the life cycle a “multi-waterfall” cycle. Cycles are divided up into smaller, more easily managed iterations. Each iteration passes through the requirements, design, implementation and testing phases.
A working version of software is produced during the first iteration, so you have working software early on during the software life cycle. Subsequent iterations build on the initial software produced during the first iteration.
Incremental Life Cycle Model
Advantages
>>Generates working software quickly and early during the software life cycle.
>>More flexible – less costly to change scope and requirements.
>>Easier to test and debug during a smaller iteration.
>>Easier to manage risk because risky pieces are identified and handled during its iteration.
>>Each iteration is an easily managed milestone.
Disadvantages
>>Each phase of an iteration is rigid and do not overlap each other.
>>Problems may arise pertaining to system architecture because not all requirements are gathered up front for the entire software life cycle.
Spiral Model
The spiral model is similar to the incremental model, with more emphases placed on risk analysis. The spiral model has four phases: Planning, Risk Analysis, Engineering and Evaluation. A software project repeatedly passes through these phases in iterations (called Spirals in this model). The baseline spiral, starting in the planning phase, requirements are gathered and risk is assessed. Each subsequent spirals builds on the baseline spiral.
Requirements are gathered during the planning phase. In the risk analysis phase, a process is undertaken to identify risk and alternate solutions. A prototype is produced at the end of the risk analysis phase.
Software is produced in the engineering phase, along with testing at the end of the phase. The evaluation phase allows the customer to evaluate the output of the project to date before the project continues to the next spiral.
In the spiral model, the angular component represents progress, and the radius of the spiral represents cost.
Spiral Life Cycle Model
Disadvantages
>>Can be a costly model to use.
>>Risk analysis requires highly specific expertise.
>>Project’s success is highly dependent on the risk analysis phase.
>>Doesn’t work well for smaller projects.
And that’s it. If you have any input, especially your views on advantages and disadvantages of any particular model, feel free to leave them in the comments and I can add them to my copy.
Waiting for Hossein, but he already arrived at the moment this pic was taken.
Group pic
Meeting dismissed at 5.45 p.m.
[**CASSIOPEIA**] ~ consists of 5 people, 4 girls and a guy ~ members: [Hossein] [Ashratul 'Aina] [Nor Fazliza] [Norsyafiqah] [Wan Nurfatihah] ~ this blog is to record everything that have to do with our Software Engineering class ~ .. and well, with tiny bits of our daily life ramblings. But not much =P